By stimulating the sacral nerve (located in the lower back), a signal is sent that manipulates a contraction within the pelvic floor. This area controls the everyday function of the pelvic floor, urethral sphincter, bladder and bowel. This is commonly referred to as the sacral area.
One of the major nerve routes is from the brain, along the spinal cord and through the back. In the event that the nerves and the brain are no longer communicating effectively, resulting in a bowel/bladder disorder, this type of treatment is designed to imitate a signal sent via the central nervous system. An experimental procedure for constipation in children is being conducted in Nationwide Children's Hospital. Sacral nerve stimulation is also under investigation as treatment for other conditions, including constipation brought on by nerve damage due to surgical procedures. Food and Drug Administration has approved InterStim Therapy, by Medtronic, as a sacral nerve stimulator for treatment of urinary incontinence, high urinary frequency and urinary retention. It typically involves the implantation of a programmable stimulator subcutaneously, which delivers low amplitude electrical stimulation via a lead to the sacral nerve, usually accessed via the S3 foramen.
Sacral nerve stimulation, also termed sacral neuromodulation, is a type of medical electrical stimulation therapy.
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